Characteristics of lithium batteries
1, with higher weight energy ratio, volume energy ratio;
2, high voltage, a single lithium battery voltage of 3.6V, equal to 3 nickel-cadmium or nickel-metal hydride rechargeable battery series voltage;
3, self-discharge can be stored for a long time, which is the most outstanding advantage of the battery;
4, no memory effect. Lithium batteries do not have the so-called memory effect of nickel-cadmium batteries, so lithium batteries do not need to discharge before charging;
5, long life. Under normal working conditions, the number of charge/discharge cycles of lithium batteries is much greater than 500 times;
6, can be quickly charged. Lithium batteries can usually be charged with 0.5 to 1 times the capacity of the current, so that the charging time is shortened to 1 to 2 hours;
7, can be used in parallel at will;
8, because the battery does not contain cadmium, lead, mercury and other heavy metal elements, no pollution to the environment, is the most advanced green battery;
- High cost. Lithium batteries are expensive compared to other rechargeable batteries.
Structure of lithium battery
Lithium batteries usually come in two shapes: cylindrical and rectangular.
The inside of the battery adopts a spiral wound structure, with a very fine and highly permeable polyethylene film isolation material between the positive and negative electrodes. The positive electrode includes a lithium ion collector composed of lithium and cobalt dioxide and a current collector composed of an aluminum film. The negative electrode consists of a lithium ion collector composed of sheet carbon material and a current collector composed of copper film. The battery is filled with an organic electrolyte solution. In addition, there are safety valves and PTC components to protect the battery from damage in abnormal conditions and output short circuits.
The voltage of a single lithium battery is 3.6V, and the capacity can not be infinite, so the single lithium battery is often processed in series and parallel to meet the requirements of different occasions.